The degree of these damages can be even more severe as nematodes can increase susceptibility to other parasites ( Bridge et al. Impact de la fumure organique appliquée seule et en combinaison avec une souche indigène de champignon mycorhizien arbusculaire Glomus mosseae sur Meloidogyne spp, principal nématode parasitaire de la tomate au Togo. 2012 Bissadou KD, Tchabi A, Tounou AK, Ayessom A, Gumedzoe M. Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne) management in vegetable crop production: The challenge of an agronomic system analysis. 2011 Collange B, Navarrete M, Peyre G, Mateille T, Tchamitchian M. Research on plant-parasitic nematode biology conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. Survey of crop losses in response to phytoparasitic nematodes in the United States for 1994. 1999 Koenning SR, Overstreet C, Noling JW, Donald PA, Becker JO, Fortnum BA. Worldwide, more than USD 125 billions/year are lost due to nematodes, most of them due to RKN ( Koenning et al. The agricultural losses they cause, in particular in greenhouse cultures of tomatoes in the Souss-Maasra Drâa region in Morocco, are considerable. They were discovered during the 14 th century as phytoparasites of intertropical and warm climate cultures. Traité de Zoologie, Anatomie, Systématique, Biologie. They are cylindrical and thread-like triploblastic Metazoans that show bilateral symmetry, a thick cuticle, and non-ciliated, non-segmented teguments ( Grassé et al. Production of fungal biological control agents through solid state fermentation: a case study on Paecilomyces lilacinus against root-knot nematodes. 2009 Brand D, Soccol CR, Sabu A, Roussos S. Les nématodes, ces anguillules qui font sur les plantes. Most of them are said "free" and feed essentially on bacteria, fungi, protozoa and other nematodes, and only a minority parasites animals and plants ( Bélair 2005 Bélair G. They possess a cuticle and must moult to continue their development ( Bélair 2005 Bélair G. Nematodes are classified under the Nematoda Phylum, which forms part of the Ecdysozoa superphylum, from the Greek ecdysis (moulting) and zoo (animal). They have to be formulated to preserve their viability and virulence against the nematodes, and then to be approved for use on the crops by farmers. Filamentous fungi may play a good role in the control of this pest, using different action pathways. Biopesticides may be a good solution to reduce the damages, but they have to be legalized by the governments.
Each year, these microscopic worms cause considerable losses. Root-knot nematodes are disease-causative agents, well-known by farmers, for example, tomato producers in Morocco.